Inteligência artificial e saúde: os impactos da IA generativa na saúde do Brasil

Artificial intelligence and health: the impacts of generative AI on health in Brazil

Abstract

This paper analyzes the state of the art, legal foundations, and ethical and juridical parameters for the development and utilization of generative AI modules applied to healthcare. Employng the hypothetical-deductive method through an exploratory-qualitative approach, alongside bibliographic and documentary research techniques, it considers the human right to health within the Brazilian context in light of innovations and current technological trends. The analysis is structured into five sections, addressing conceptual and legal frameworks of AI applications, the impacts of these applications on the contemporary world and, by extension, on digital health. It concludes with a focus on health in Brazil and the impacts of Generative AI. Findings indicate that the lack of governance, technical knowledge, digital divide, potential biases and discrimination, resulting inaccuracies and hallucinations, and privacy challenges require attention from both the State and civil society. This necessitates avoiding hasty adherence to radical techno-solutionism, given the insufficient mapping and grading of risks and, consequently, the absence of appropriate governance instruments, particularly to address the deepening vulnerability and power asymmetry characteristic of the health sector.